Australia Overview

Australia, or officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a continental country in the Southern Hemisphere. Australia is on the Oceania continent, which lies between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and covers a very large part of the continent. Its neighbors are Indonesia, East Timor, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Its capital is Canberra and its largest city is Sydney. Australia was established on a total area of ​​8,698,850 km2, including 8,617,930 km2 on land and 80,920 km2 in waters. There is no land border with any country. This area makes it the 6th largest country in the world. It has a coastline of 25,760 kilometers around it.

A Brief History of Australia

The history of the Aboriginals, who are still living as a hunter-gatherer, goes back to about 50,000 years before the continent of Oceania came to Europeans. The first Europeans to come to Australia were the Dutch in 1606. The person who came into contact with the indigenous Aboriginal people also made history as Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon. The Dutch discovered the entire western and northern coasts of the continent and named the island "New Holland" in the 17th century, but they did not attempt to settle. In 1770 for Great Britain, a British sailor named James Cook discovered the east coast of the island he called New South Wales. With the forced immigration policy initiated by the United Kingdom between 1788 and 1868, British settlement has intensified around New South Wales. Since the first settlement years, the population has increased steadily and the entire island was discovered in the middle of the 19th century, and 5 new Royal colonies were established. On January 1, 1901, 6 colonies united and became a Federal structure and formed the Australian Federal States.

Geography in Australia

The Australian States are located on the Indo-Australian plate with an area of ​​7,617,930 km2. It is surrounded by the Indian and Pacific Oceans and is separated from the Asian continent by the Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea. The largest coral reef in the world, the Great Barrier Reef stretches more than 2,000 kilometers along the north-eastern coast of the Australian continent. There is the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand.

Climate in Australia

The continent has tropical rainforests in the northeast, mountainous regions in the south-east and south-west regions, and arid plains in the center, and various climates prevail. The continent, which has a lot of inefficient lands in the center, has the feature of being the flattest continent. In addition, with annual precipitation of 500 mm, the world's driest and 2.8 people per square kilometer is the continent with the lowest population density. Most of the population lives in the southeast where the temperate climate prevails.

Coffee Production in Australia

Coffee cultivation has been carried out in Australia for more than 200 years. The developing agricultural industry has a great impact on coffee agriculture. Although 40% of Australia is in the World Coffee Production zone, these regions do not have an altitude and soil structure suitable for coffee agriculture. The production of Arabica Variety Skybury Coffee, which became known and attracted attention in the World Coffee Market in the 1980s, started in Queensland, Australia in 1970. The Skybury Arabica variety comes from the Blue Mountain variety. The popular Skybury is exported in very small quantities, as local coffee consumption in the country is many times greater than the coffee produced. Especially Melbourne has a world-renowned Specialty Coffee culture.