Peru Overview

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country located in South America. Ekvdor and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Chile to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The majority of the population of Peru, which is home to many ethnic groups, is Indians. It has two official languages, Spanish and Quechua. The largest city and capital of the country are Lima. This city is also known as the "City of Kings" due to its historical past.

A Brief History of Peru

Peru is a country that has hosted Pre-Inca culture for many years. The first settlers to migrate came to what is now Peru between 20,000 and 10,000 BC. After Christ, different cultures like Mochica formed around the Lambayegue area. The city of Cusco, located on Peru's high plateau, is the capital of the Inca Kingdom. In 1532, the Peruvian Governorate was established in the name of the Kingdom of Spain in the region occupied by the Spanish. In 1821 the country was liberated by Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar and declared its independence. However, the subsequent revolts, uprisings, and civil wars prevented the country from developing.

Geography in Peru

The area of ​​Peru, the third-largest country in the South American continent, is 1,285,216 square kilometers. It borders Ecuador to the north, Colombia to the northeast, Brazil, Bolivia, and Chile to the east. Its west is covered by the Pacific Ocean. Extending from northwest to southeast, the Andes Mountains divide the country into three main regions: the coastal zone, the Sierra region, and the Martana region. The coastal zone covers 11% of Peru's territory. The altitude of the region can vary between sea level and 1525 meters. The Sierra, the most mountainous region in the country, is at an average altitude of 3500 meters. The summit of the mountains in this region is always covered with snow. Huascaran Mountain in the region is 6768 m and is the highest point in the country. The Sierra region constitutes 33% of the country. Volcanic movements are also observed in the region. Mantana, which is the largest region in the country, covers nearly 56% of the area. The major major rivers of the country originate in the Sierra region and are concentrated in the Amazon region. Almost all of the small rivers flow into Lake Titicaca. This lake is located on the border with Bolivia

Climate in Peru

Although the coastal region has a temperate climate, the Peruvian Coldwater Current lowers the temperature of the region considerably. The Lima region is the driest area, with an annual average rainfall of around 41 mm. Humidity is very high with 87%. The Sierra region has a drier climate. Although the air temperature varies with altitude, it is generally cool. Since it is located close to the equator, day-night temperatures in the country are very different. It is rainy mostly in April. Heavy tropical rainfall is seen here and the annual average rainfall is about 3300 millimeters.

Coffee Production in Peru

Ranking 9th in coffee production, Peru is the third-largest coffee trading country in South America. Peruvian coffee is known for its low acidity and aromatic taste. Coffees grown in small farms and mountain foothills have different aromatic properties according to their qualities. Arabica coffee is produced and its annual production is around 2,700,000 bags. There are around 200,000 farms in Peru, especially famous for the coffees grown on the south coast of Chanchamayo, Urubamba, and Machu Picchu.